The festivities of Karneval (or Fasching) date back to the Middle Ages. The word Karneval stems from the Latin “carne vale” (without meat) and is the European relative of the Mardi Gras tradition of eating, drinking and merriment before the fasting season. After this festive celebration begin the solemn days of Lent. This colorful festival takes place 52 days before Easter and ends with a celebration before Ash Wednesday. Germans celebrate Carnival in several different regions and ways throughout Germany. The three most popular versions are Karneval in the Rhineland region, Fasching in Southern Germany and Fastenacht in Baden Württemberg. All three have different histories and roots, and all are quite fun!
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Karneval Starts with a Women’s March
Karneval Starts with a Women’s MarchCarnival season officially starts much earlier, on November 11th at 11:11 am. At this time, people celebrate the beginning of what is often referred to as the “fifth” (Carnival) season. In the weeks leading up to the festivities, Carnival clubs meet to discuss upcoming performances, costumes, and parades. Cologne is the undisputed Carnival capital of Germany, followed by Düsseldorf and Mainz. In these cities, Carnival traditionally kicks off on Thursday with a “Women’s Carnival” (Weiberfastnacht). On this unofficial holiday, women dress up in costumes and misbehave in harmless ways and symbolically take control for a day. A popular tradition is to cut off men’s ties and leave only a short stump of this token of masculinity. In return, they usually reward their male victims with a peck on the cheek.
Rose Monday: Parades Through the Lands
The Monday following Women’s Carnival is called Rosenmontag or Rose Monday. This day marks the peak of Carnival season, with 11:11 a.m. as the official kick-off time for popular parades. No parade is larger than in Cologne. With excitement and anticipation, over 1 million people line up along the main street. Here they wait for the parade to pass by, which takes almost five hours! Over 11,000 active members of local Karneval clubs march in this 4 mile parade. All dress up as clowns, witches, wizards, or in military uniforms fashionable during the times of Napoleon. That’s when the parade in Cologne first started, in 1823, after Napoleon had been defeated in Europe and French troops had withdrawn from the Rhineland.
The Rose Monday Floats
The “Rose Monday” floats in the parade are works of art and portray a variety of themes. They usually focus on what is happening in the world at the time of Carnival. For example, a float may make fun of a contemporary government leader or a recent political event. After the parade, wild and free-roaming marchers dressed in crazy costumes (Narrenkostümen) gather in the side streets to continue the celebration. Bars remain open through the early hours of the morning, and the spirit of Carnival reigns in the streets and public squares! Both in offices and at home, and above all in places for dancing and drinking, people celebrate!
Shrove Tuesday
The next day, Karnevalsdienstag (Shrove Tuesday), marks the last day of the carnival season. People observe this day with smaller parades and parties throughout Germany. Carnival enthusiasts in other parts of the world, however, know this day not as Shrove Tuesday, but as Fat Tuesday or Mardi Gras. In fact, this day marks the highlight of the carnival season in many places! Cheerful and colorful crowds take over the streets with spectacular parades in cities such as New Orleans, Venice and Rio de Janeiro!
An Ancient Tradition: Fastenacht
In the Southwest of Germany, along the French Border in Baden-Württemberg, Western Bavaria, the Alsace region, Black Forest and Switzerland, lie the roots of the Allemannische Fastnacht. This season starts on Three Kings Day, January 6 (Epiphany). This dates back to the Alemanic tribes of the first millenium A.D. and are more subdued. Costumes have evolved around themes of dark ghosts representing the cold season. However, they are then contrasted by the bright, colorful and happy spirits of spring! These traditional themes symbolize the eager anticipation of the growing season, a time farmers and consumers long for.
Ash Wednesday and the Burning of the “Nubbel”
Ash Wednesday and the Burning of the “Nubbel”It’s the day of reckoning and atonement for all party jocks and Carnival revelers. The “Season of Fools” has come to an end. For many Christians and non-Christians, it’s the start of the 40-day repentance and fasting period. Goodbye to candies, Koelsch beer, and costumes. Hello to lean and healthy herring dishes, meatless meals, and mineral water.
So, it is just natural, that in the midnight hours between Shrove Tuesday and Ash Wednesday, there must be one last occasion to raise the glasses before the Lenten season of fastening and purification begins. In Cologne this occasion is the burning of the “Nubbel.”
The “Nubbel” is a life-size straw doll that hangs outside and above the front entrance of many traditional neighborhood pubs and symbolizes all those little sins that Carnival fans committed during wild days and nights of the past week. The booze, kisses with strangers, the occasional fling, the headaches, and hangovers all will come home to roost and repentance is required. So, all sins are forgiven when the “Nubbel” is burned. If you happen to be in Cologne or other German Carnival capitals, here is where to go.
The Best Recipes for a Carnival Party
Many Karneval enthusiast stage a costume party at home serving authentic and regional fare from the Rhine River cities, Bavaria or Black Forest. That includes, of course, fresh pretzels, hot sausages (Bratwurst) and Krapfen, the German answer to donuts. Serve hot-spiced wine (Glühwein), which helps the Carnival crowd stay warm! Finally, try a tasty Rosehip Jam to fill donuts the Bavarian Fasching way. Check out other Recipes, like Rhineland Sauerbraten with Altbier, Berlin King Cake, Dresdner Eierschnecke, Westphalian Ham on Potato Pancake, Flönz or Cologne Caviar (Blood Sausage with Onions), Marshmallow Kisses Cake, Goldsaft Sauerbraten or Potato Max.
